سورة الممتحنة صفحة 551 Surah Al-Mumtahanah Page
قال تعالي
﴿ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَآءَكَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتُ يُبَايِعۡنَكَ عَلَىٰٓ أَن لَّا يُشۡرِكۡنَ بِٱللَّهِ شَيۡـٔٗا وَلَا يَسۡرِقۡنَ وَلَا يَزۡنِينَ وَلَا يَقۡتُلۡنَ أَوۡلَٰدَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأۡتِينَ بِبُهۡتَٰنٖ يَفۡتَرِينَهُۥ بَيۡنَ أَيۡدِيهِنَّ وَأَرۡجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعۡصِينَكَ فِي مَعۡرُوفٖ فَبَايِعۡهُنَّ وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَهُنَّ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ﴾[ الممتحنة: 12]
هذه الشروط المذكورة في هذه الآية، تسمى "مبايعة النساء"
اللاتي [كن] يبايعن على إقامة الواجبات المشتركة، التي تجب على الذكور والنساء في جميع الأوقات.وأما الرجال، فيتفاوت ما يلزمهم بحسب أحوالهم ومراتبهم وما يتعين عليهم، فكان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يمتثل ما أمره الله به، فكان إذا جاءته النساء يبايعنه، والتزمن بهذه الشروط بايعهن، وجبر قلوبهن، واستغفر لهن الله، فيما يحصل منهن من التقصير وأدخلهن في جملة المؤمنين بأن لَا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا بأن يفردن الله [وحده] بالعبادة. وَلَا يَزْنِينَ كما كان ذلك موجودا كثيرا في البغايا وذوات الأخدان، وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ كما يجري لنساء الجاهلية الجهلاء. وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ والبهتان: الافتراء على الغير أي: لا يفترين بكل حالة، سواء تعلقت بهن وأزواجهن أو سواء تعلق ذلك بغيرهم، وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ أي: لا يعصينك في كل أمر تأمرهن به، لأن أمرك لا يكون إلا بمعروف، ومن ذلك طاعتهن [لك] في النهي عن النياحة، وشق الثياب، وخمش الوجوه، والدعاء بدعاء الجاهلية، فَبَايِعْهُنَّ إذا التزمن بجميع ما ذكر.وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللَّهَ عن تقصيرهن، وتطييبا لخواطرهن، إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ أي: كثير المغفرة للعاصين، والإحسان إلى المذنبين التائبين، رَحِيمٌ وسعت رحمته كل شيء، وعم إحسانه البرايا
قال تعالي
﴿ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَتَوَلَّوۡاْ قَوۡمًا غَضِبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡهِمۡ قَدۡ يَئِسُواْ مِنَ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ ٱلۡكُفَّارُ مِنۡ أَصۡحَٰبِ ٱلۡقُبُورِ ﴾ [ الممتحنة: 13]
أي: يا أيها المؤمنون، إن كنتم مؤمنين بربكم، ومتبعين لرضاه ومجانبين لسخطه، لَا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وإنما غضب عليهم لكفرهم، وهذا شامل لجميع أصناف الكفار.قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ أي: قد حرموا من خير الآخرة، فليس لهم منها نصيب، فاحذروا أن تولوهم فتوافقوهم على شرهم وكفرهم فتحرموا خير الآخرة كما حرموا. وقوله] كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ حين أفضوا إلى الدار الآخرة، ووقفوا على حقيقة الأمر وعلموا علم اليقين أنهم لا نصيب لهم منها.ويحتمل أن المعنى: قد يئسوا من الآخرة أي: قد أنكروها وكفروا بها، فلا يستغرب حينئذ منهم الإقدام على مساخط الله وموجبات عذابه وإياسهم من الآخرة، كما يئس الكفار المنكرون للبعث في الدنيا من رجوع أصحاب القبور إلى الله تعالى.تم تفسير سورة الممتحنة، والحمد لله رب العالمين.
God Almighty said
﴿ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَآءَكَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتُ يُبَايِعۡنَكَ عَلَىٰٓ أَن لَّا يُشۡرِكۡنَ بِٱللَّهِ شَيۡـٔٗا وَلَا يَسۡرِقۡنَ وَلَا يَزۡنِينَ وَلَا يَقۡتُلۡنَ أَوۡلَٰدَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأۡتِينَ بِبُهۡتَٰنٖ يَفۡتَرِينَهُۥ بَيۡنَ أَيۡدِيهِنَّ وَأَرۡجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعۡصِينَكَ فِي مَعۡرُوفٖ فَبَايِعۡهُنَّ وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَهُنَّ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ﴾[ الممتحنة: 12]
“O Prophet, when believing women come to you pledging allegiance to you that they will not associate anything with God, nor steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children, nor produce a slander they have invented between their hands and feet, nor disobey you in what is right, then accept their pledge of allegiance.” And Allah will ask forgiveness for them. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. (Al-Mumtahina: 12)
These conditions mentioned in this verse are called "the pledge of allegiance of women." They pledged to fulfill the common duties that are incumbent upon men and women at all times. As for men, their obligations varied according to their circumstances, status, and obligations. The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, complied with what God had commanded him. When women came to him to pledge allegiance and adhered to these conditions, he pledged allegiance to them, mended their hearts, and sought God's forgiveness for their shortcomings. He included them among the believers, requiring them not to associate anything with God, devoting worship to Him alone. They were not to commit adultery, as was often the case with prostitutes and those with lovers. They were not to kill their children, as was the case with the ignorant women of the pre-Islamic period. And let them not come up with a slander they have invented between their hands and their feet. Slander is slandering others, meaning: they should not slander in every situation, whether it is related to themselves and their husbands or whether it is related to others. And let them not disobey you in what is right, meaning: they should not disobey you in every matter you command them to do, because your command can only be in what is right. And from that is their obedience [to you] in forbidding wailing, tearing clothes, scratching faces, and supplicating with the supplication of the Age of Ignorance. So pledge allegiance to them if they adhere to all that has been mentioned. And ask forgiveness for them from Allah for their shortcomings, and to please their feelings. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving, meaning: He is very forgiving of the disobedient, and kind to the repentant sinners, Most Merciful. His mercy encompasses everything, and His kindness encompasses all creatures.
Allah the Almighty said:
﴿ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَتَوَلَّوۡاْ قَوۡمًا غَضِبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡهِمۡ قَدۡ يَئِسُواْ مِنَ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ ٱلۡكُفَّارُ مِنۡ أَصۡحَٰبِ ٱلۡقُبُورِ ﴾ [ الممتحنة: 13]
“O you who have believed, do not take as allies a people with whom Allah has become angry. They have despaired of the Hereafter, just as the disbelievers have despaired of the companions of the graves.” [Al-Mumtahanah: 13]
Meaning: O you who believe, if you are believers in your Lord, seeking His pleasure and avoiding His wrath, do not take as allies a people with whom Allah has become angry. He became angry with them only because of their disbelief. This includes all types of disbelievers. They have despaired of… The Hereafter means: They have been deprived of the good of the Hereafter, so they have no share in it, so beware of taking them as allies and agreeing with them in their evil and disbelief, and thus being deprived of the good of the Hereafter as they were deprived. And His statement, “Just as the disbelievers despair of the companions of the graves” when they reach the Hereafter, and they come to know the truth of the matter and know with certainty that they have no share in it. It is possible that the meaning is: They have despaired of the Hereafter, meaning: They have denied it and disbelieved in it. So it is not surprising then that they would rush into doing things that incur Allah’s wrath and entail His punishment and despair of the Hereafter, just as the disbelievers who deny the resurrection in this world despair of the companions of the graves returning to Allah Almighty. The interpretation of Surat Al-Mumtahanah has been completed, and praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds.
