Al - Baqrah Page 2 البقرة صفحة
المواصفات العامة للسورة الكريمة
وهي أطول سورة في القرآن الكريم
عدد آياتها
286
وقد مرتبة ذلك في القرآن الكريم
والثانية بعد سورة الفاتحة
ما هو سبب تسميتها بهذا الإسم؟
سميت سورة البقرة بهذا الاسم لأنها تحتوي على قصة البقرة
وبني إسرائيل في عهد نبي الله موسى في الآيات من (٦٧) إلى الآية (٧٣).
فضائل سورة البقرة
عن أَبي مسعودٍ البدْرِيِّ عن النبيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: منْ قَرَأَ بالآيتَيْنِ
مِنْ آخِرِ سُورةِ البقَرةِ فِي لَيْلَةٍ كَفَتَاهُ
متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
عن أبي هريرة
رضي الله عنه: أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال:
«لَا تَجْعَلُوا بُيُوتَكُمْ مَقَابِرَ، إِنَّ
الشَّيْطَانَ يَنْفِرُ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي تُقْرَأُ فِيهِ سُورَةُ
الْبَقَرَةِ».
[صحيح] – [رواه مسلم] – [صحيح مسلم – 780]
وعن سهل بن سعد أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال
لكل شيء سناما وإن سنام القرآن سورة البقرة، من قرأها في
بيته ليلاً لم يدخل الشيطان بيته ثلاث ليالٍ.
عن أبي أمامة قال: سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم
يقول:
اقرؤوا
القرآن فإنه يأتي يوم القيامة شفيعاً لأصحابه، اقرؤوا الزهراوين: البقرة وآل عمران
فإنهما يأتيان يوم القيامة كأنهما غمامتان أو غيابتان أو كأنهما فرقان من طير صواف
تحاجان عن أصحابهما. اقرؤوا البقرة فإن أخذها بركة وتركها حسرة ولا تستطيعها
البطلة السحرة.
رواه مسلم.
خصائص سورة البقرة
1- قيل أنها أول سورة نزلت بالمدينة.
2- يقال أنها تحتوي على آخر آية نزلت من السماء
قوله تعالى:
وَاتَّقُوا
يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا
اكْتَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لا يُظْلَمُونَ.
3- فيه علامات الربا
ويسمى خيام القرآن، قاله خالد بن معدان. وذلك لعظمته
وجلاله، وكثرة أحكامه ومواعظه، فقد تعلمه عمر بن الخطاب مع فقهه وما فيه في اثنتي
عشرة سنة، وابنه عبد الله بن عمر في ثماني سنين.
4- تحتوي على أعظم آية في القرآن الكريم (آية الكرسي) الآية رقم (٢٥٥)
عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: كلفنى رسول الله صلى
الله عليه وسلم بحفظ زكاة رمضان، فجاءني فجعل يحثو علي طعاما فأخذته فقلت لأرفعنه
إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فذكر الحديث فقال "إِذَا أَوَيْتَ
إِلَى فِرَاشِكَ فَاقْرَأْ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ، لَنْ يَزَالَ عَلَيْكَ مِنَ
اللَّهِ حَافِظٌ، وَلَا يَقْرَبُكَ شَيْطَانٌ حَتَّى تُصْبِحَ".
فقال النبي: صدقك وهو كذاب، هذا شيطان.
5- فيها أطول آية في القرآن الكريم
آية المداينة
آية رقم (٢٨٢)
6-
أنها تحتوي
على آخر آية نزلت من القرآن الكريم.
وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ۖ
ثُمَّ تُوَفَّىٰ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَّا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ (281)
7- قيل إنها حجة عن صاحبها يوم القيامة. جاء في السيرة
النبوية أنها مناظرة عن صاحبها يوم القيامة، وفيها اسم الله الأعظم الذي إذا دعي
به أجاب، وأنه أخذها نعمة، وتركها ندامة، ولا يستطيعها السحرة.
الٓمٓ (1)
ألف، لام، ميم
ملخص مختصر لما قاله العلماء في رسائل القطع
قال بعضهم
هو من أسماء القرآن الكريم
وقال بعضهم
إنها الفتحات
التي يفتتح الله بها القرآن
وقال آخرون
هو أسم السورة
وقال بعضهم
إنه أسم الله
الأعظم
وقال بعضهم
هو قسم أقسم به
الله، وهو من أسمائه.
عن الربيع بن أنس
قال: هذه
الحروف من الثامنة والعشرين حرفًا دارت بها الألسنة، ليس فيها حرف إلا وهو مفتاح
اسم من أسمائه، ولا حرف إلا وهو في نعمته وبلاءه، ولا حرف إلا وهو في أجل قوم
وآجالهم. قال عيسى بن مريم: عجبًا لهم ينطقون بأسمائه ويعيشون على رزقه، فكيف
يكونون كافرين؟
وقال بعضهم
لكل كتاب سر، وسر القرآن في فتوحاته
اسم من أسماء القرآن الكريم
وروي عن قتادة ومجاهد وابن جريج وزيد بن أسلم آيات الافتتاح التي يفتتح الله تعالى بها
القرآن
وروي عن مجاهد وبعض العرب، فقالوا: هذا دليل على آخر
سورة وبداية أخرى، وعلامة على انقطاع ما بينهما.
الحروف المقطوعة من الأسماء والأفعال
ولكل حرف من ذلك معنى غير معنى الحرف الآخر، وقد روي عن
ابن عباس وابن مسعود وبعض أصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، وعن ابن عباس أنه قال:
معنى {أَلَمْ}: أنا الله أعلم، ومعنى {أَلَمْ}: أنا الله أعلم. ومعنى {أَلَمْ}:
أنا الله أرى. ومعنى {أَلْر}: أنا الله أعلم وأرى.
الفصول الافتتاحية من أسماء الله الحسنى
رواه الشعبي.
قسم أقسم به
الله وهو من أسمائه
وروي عن ابن
عباس وعكرمة.
إنهم من
المتشابهين
علمه الذي حفظه الله فنؤمن بتنزيله ونوكل تفسيره إلى
الله.
قال أبو بكر
الصديق رضي الله عنه: في كل كتاب سر، وسر القرآن أوائل السور.
قال علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه: إن لكل كتاب نخبة،
ونخبة هذا الكتاب حروف الهجاء، هذه الحروف من جنس الكلام المركب من هذه الحروف
وقد ذكرت هذه الحروف المقطعة في أوائل بعض السور للدلالة
على أن هذا القرآن الذي تحدى الله به المشركين هو من نوع الكلام المركب من هذه
الحروف الذي يعرفونه، ويستطيعون أن يأتوا منه بكلمات، وإذا عجزوا عن الإتيان بسورة
مثله لبلوغه من الفصاحة والحكمة، فإن فصاحتهم وبلاغتهم تقف دونه بمراحل واسعة.
نظرة حول الآية الكريمة
إن الحياة تحولت بين ليلة وضحاها إلى مجموعة من
الاختصارات، فتجد أسماء المنظمات العالمية أو البنوك أو الشركات العملاقة تتحول
إلى عدة رموز وشعارات، وعندما تقرأ هذه الرموز أو هذه الحروف تتذكر فوراً اسم
المنظمة/الشركة/البنك...إلخ، وهنا قد يكون اختصاراً لما جاء في السورة الكريمة.
أو كما يقول
رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم:
يُقالُ لصاحِبِ القرآنِ اقرأ وارتَقِ ورتِّل كما كنتَ
ترتِّلُ في الدُّنيا فإنَّ منزلَكَ عندَ آخرِ آيةٍ تقرؤُها
ذَلِكَ
الكِتَابُ لِرَيْبِ فِيهِ هُدَى َللِمَتَّقِين (2)
وقوله (ذلك الكتاب) أي هذا الكتاب العظيم الذي هو كتاب
الحق، المتضمن ما لم تتضمنه كتب السلف من العلم العظيم والحق الواضح
إنه "بلا شك"
لا شك في شيء،
فهذا الكتاب يتضمن اليقين الذي يزيل الشك.
هذه قاعدة مفيدة، وهي أن النفي من المفترض أن يكون
مدحًا.
ويجب أن يشتمل على ضده وهو الكمال، لأن النفي عدم،
والعدم المحض لا يحمد.
ولم تضمن اليقين، ولم تنل الهداية إلا باليقين، قال: (هُدًى
لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ). والهدى: ما ينال من الضلال والمثل: وما يهدي إلى سبل
الرشاد.
وقال في موضع آخر: (هُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ)
فعمم.
وفي هذا الموضع وغيره هدى للمتقين لأنه في نفسه هدى
للناس كافة.
ولم يرفع الأشقياء رؤسهم
ولم يقبلوا هدى الله، فأقامت عليهم الحجة، ولم ينتفعوا
به لشقائهم.
وأما المتقون، فهم الذين جاءوا بأكبر أسباب الهداية، وهى
التقوى التي هى فى حقيقتها اتخاذ ما يقي من غضب الله وعذابه بامتثال أوامره
واجتناب نواهيه، فاهتدوا به وانتفعوا به.
قال تعالى
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِن تَتَّقُوا اللَّهَ
يَجْعَل لَّكُمْ فُرْقَانًا
المتقون هم
المستفيدون من
الآيات القرآنية، والآيات الكونية.
ولأن الهداية نوعان:
هداية بيان،
وهداية توفيق.
أما المتقين فقد نالوا الهدايتين، وأما غيرهم فلم ينالوا
هداية النجاح.
وهداية القول من دون التوفيق للعمل به، ليس هدى صحيحا
كاملا.
عن ابن مسعود
عن بعض أصحاب
النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: «لا شك فيه».
عن ابن مسعود، وعن بعض أصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم:
«هدى للمتقين»
قال: هم
المؤمنون.
حدثنا أبو بكر بن عياش، قال: سألني الأعمش عن المتقين،
قال: أجبته، فقال لي :وسأل الكلبي عن ذلك، فسألته، فقال:
الذين يجتنبون
الكبائر.
قال: فرجعت إلى
الأعمش، فقال: نرى ذلك كذلك، ولم ينكره.
عن ابن عباس قال:
«للمتقين» :
المؤمنون الذين يتقون الشرك بي ويطيعونني.
الَّذِينَ
يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِالۡغَيۡبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَوَةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقۡنَهُمۡ
يُنفِقُونَ (3)
عنوان سعادة العبد هو إخلاصه للمعبود، وسعيه إلى نفع
الخلق، كما أن عنوان شقاء العبد هو عدم وجود هذين الأمرين لديه، فلا إخلاص ولا
إحسان.
حقيقة الإيمان
هو الإيمان
التام بما أخبرتكم به الرسل، والذي يتضمن خشوع الجوارح، وليس الأمر في الإيمان
بالمشاهدات الحسية، فإنه لا يميز المسلم من الكافر، لأنه مجرد تصديق بالله ورسله.
ثم قال: {وَمِمَّا
رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ}.
ما هي النفقات الواجبة كالزكاة ونفقة الزوجات والأقارب ومن
يجب رعايته ونحو ذلك؟
والإنفاق المستحب في جميع وجوه الخير.
ولم يذكر من ينفق عليهم لكثرة أسبابه وتنوع عائلته، ولأن
النفقة بذاتها قربة إلى الله لتنبيههم أنه لم يرد عنهم من أموالهم إلا القليل، لا
يضرهم ولا يثقل عليهم، بل انتفعوا بإنفاقها، وانتفع بها إخوانهم.
وفي قوله: (وَرَزَقْنَاهُمْ) إشارة إلى
إن هذا المال
الذي بين أيديكم ليس مكتسباً بقوتكم وملككم، بل هو رزق من الله الذي فوضكم ورزقكم،
كما أنعم عليكم وفضلكم على كثير من عباده، فاشكروه بإخراج بعض ما رزقكم، وواسو
إخوانكم المساكين، وكثيراً ما جمع تعالى بين الصلاة والزكاة في القرآن، لأن الصلاة
تتضمن الإخلاص للمعبود، والزكاة والإنفاق، ومنها الصدقة على عباده.
وَالَّذِينَ يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَ وَمَآ
أُنزِلَ مِنْ قَبۡلِكَ وَبِٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ هُمۡ يُوقِنُونَ (4)
بما أنزل إليك
إنه القرآن والسنة
قال تعالى:
{وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ
وَالْحِكْمَةَ}.
فالمتقين يؤمنون
بجميع ما جاء به الرسول، ولا يفرقون بين بعض ما أنزل إليه، فيؤمنون ببعضه، ولا
يؤمنون ببعضه، إما بتكذيبه أو بتأويله، على غير ما أراد الله ورسوله، كما يفعل من
يفعله من المبتدعين، الذين يفسرون النصوص الدالة على خلاف قولهم، نتيجة كفرهم
بمعناها، وإن آمنوا بلفظها، لم يؤمنوا بها إيماناً حقيقياً.
وقوله: { وَمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ }
يتضمن الإيمان بجميع الكتب السابقة.
والإيمان بالكتب يتضمن الإيمان بالرسل وما جاءوا به،
وخاصة التوراة والإنجيل والزبور.
هذه هي صفات المؤمنين، يؤمنون بجميع الكتب السماوية،
وبجميع الرسل، فلا يفرقون بين أحد منهم، ثم قال: {وَبِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ
يُوقِنُونَ}، و{الْآخِرَةُ} اسم لما يكون بعد الموت، وخصها بالذكر بعد
العموم، لأن الإيمان باليوم الآخر ركن من أركان الإيمان، ولأنه أعظم أسباب الرغبات
والرهبة والعمل.
و "اليقين"
وهو العلم الكامل الذي لا شك فيه، ووجوب العمل به
عن ابن مسعود، وعن بعض أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه
وسلم قال فى شرح الآية الكريمة
"وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ
وَمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ وَبِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ" (سورة البقرة،
الآية 4) هؤلاء المؤمنون من أهل الكتاب
أُوْلَـٓئِكَ
عَلَىٰ هدٗى من رَّبِّهِمۡۖ وَأُولَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الۡمُفۡلِحُونَ (5)
أولئك أي الموصوفون بهذه الصفات الحميدة على هدى من ربهم
أي على هدى عظيم، وأي هدى أعظم من تلك الصفات المذكورة التي تتضمن الإيمان الصحيح
والعمل المستقيم؟!!
وجاء بـ "علي" في هذا المكان
يدل على الكبر
والضلال، ويأتي بـ (في) كما في قوله: ( وَإِنَّا أَوْ إِيَّاكُمْ لَعَلَىٰ
هُدًى أَوْ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ )، لأن المهتدي مستعمل بالهدى، مرتفع به،
والمتوهم مذموم.
ثم قال:
وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
فالفوز هو نيل
المطلوب، والنجاة من المخوف، وحصر الفوز فيهم، إذ لا طريق إلى الفوز إلا باتباع
طريقهم، وما عدا ذلك الطريق فهي طرق الشقاء والهلاك والخسران، الموصلة إلى الله.
It is the longest
surah of the Qur'an
the number of its
verses
286
and it's arranged
in the Qur’an
The second is after
Surat Al-Fatihah
What is the reason
she was given this name?
Surah Al-Baqarah was
given this name because it contains the story of the cow and the Children of
Israel during the reign of God’s Prophet Moses in verses from 67 to verse 73.
The virtues of
Surat Al-Baqarah
On the authority of
Abu Masoud Al-Ansari, he said: The Prophet, peace be upon him, said
“The two
verses from the end of Surat Al-Baqarah, whoever recites them at night will
suffice him.”
And on the authority
of Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of God, peace be upon him, said
“Do not
make your homes into graves, for the house in which Surah Al-Baqarah is recited
will not be entered by Satan.”
And on the authority
of Sahl bin Saad that the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon
him, said
“Everything
has a hump, and the hump of the Qur’an is the cow, and whoever recites it in
his house one night, Satan will not enter him for three nights.”
On the authority of
Abu Umamah, he said: I heard the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant
him peace, say
“Read the
Qur’an, for it will intercede for its people on the Day of Resurrection. Read
the two bright ones (Al-Baqarah and Al-Imran) they will come on the Day of
Resurrection as two clouds or two veils, or as two flocks of birds in rows,
they will arguments on behalf of their families on the Day of Resurrection,
then he said: Recite the cow, for taking it is a blessing, And he left it out
of regret, and the “magicians” could not do anything with it.
The characteristics
of Surat Al-Baqarah
1 - It was said that
it was the first surah revealed in Medina
2- It is
said that it contains the last verse revealed from heaven
Except for the
Almighty’s saying: And fear a day when you will be returned to God, then every
soul will be paid in full for what it has earned, and they will not be wronged.
3 - It contains signs
of usury
And it is called the
tents of the Qur’an; Khaled bin Maadan said it. This is due to its greatness
and splendor, and the large number of its rulings and sermons, Omar bin
Al-Khattab learned it with its jurisprudence and what it contains in twelve
years, and his son Abdullah bin Omar in eight years.
4 - It contains the
greatest verse in the Qur’an (Ayat al-Kursi) and its number is 255
On the authority of
Abu Hurairah, he said: “The Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be
upon him, assigned me to preserve the zakat of Ramadan, so he came to me and
made an urge for food, so I took it I said, “I will raise it up to the
Messenger of God.” He narrated the hadeeth and said, “If you go to your bed, so
recite Ayat al-Kursi, a guardian from God will always be with you, and Satan
will not come near you until morning, and the Prophet said: He told you the
truth and he is a liar, that's a demon
5- It has the longest
verse in the Qur’an
The verse
of condemnation
6- That it contains
the last verse revealed from the Holy Qur’an.
And fear a day when
you will be returned to God, then every soul will be paid in full for what it
has earned, and they will not be wronged.
7- It was said that it
is an argument on behalf of its owner on the Day of Resurrection 10) It was
stated in the Prophet’s Biography that it is a debate on behalf of its owner on
the Day of Resurrection, and it contains the name of God the Greatest, which if
he is called upon, he answers, and that he took it as a blessing, and left it
as a regret, and sorcerers cannot do it.
الٓمٓ
(1)
Alf, Lam, Meem
A brief summary of
what the scholars said in the cut-off letters
Some of them said
It is one of the names
of the Qur'an
Some of them said
It is the
openings with which God opens the Qur’an
Others said
It is the name of the
surah
Some of them said
It is the
name of God the greatest
Some of them said
It is an oath
by which God swore, and it is one of his names.
On the authority of
Al-Rabi` bin Anas
He said:
These letters are among the twenty-nine letters, in which all tongues
circulated. There is not a letter in it that is not the key to one of His
names, and there is not a letter in it that is not in its bounty and
affliction, and there is no character in it except that it is in the period of
a people and their deadlines. Jesus son of Mary said: “It is amazing that they
pronounce His names and live by His provision, so how can they be
disbelievers?”
Some of them said
Every book has a
secret, and the secret of the Qur’an is its openings
A name from the names
of the Qur’an
And it is narrated on
the authority of Qatada, Mujahid, Ibn Jureij, and Zaid bin Aslam 2 - Opening
verses that God Almighty opens the Qur’an with
And it was narrated on
the authority of Mujahid and some of the Arabs, and they said: This is evidence
of the end of one surah and the beginning of another, and a sign of the
cessation of what is between them.
The cut letters from
nouns and verbs
Each letter of that
has a meaning other than the meaning of the other letter, and it is narrated on
the authority of Ibn Abbas, Ibn Masoud, and some of the companions of the
Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, It was also reported on the
authority of Ibn Abbas that he said: The meaning of {ﭑlam}: I am God knows best, and the meaning of {ﭑlams}: I am God knows best. And the meaning of {ALM}: I am God, I see.
And the meaning of {ALR}: I am God who knows and sees
The opening chapters
are among the names of God
It is narrated on Al
shabii.
An oath by
which God swore, and it is one of his names
It is
narrated on the authority of Ibn Abbas and Ikrimah.
They are
from the similars
The knowledge of which
God has preserved, so we believe in its revelation and entrust its
interpretation to God. Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq (may God be pleased with him) said:
In every book there is a secret, and the secret of the Qur’an is the beginning
of the chapters.
Ali bin Abi Talib, may
God be pleased with him, said: Every book has an elite, and the elite of this
book are spelling letters, these letters are from the gender of the composite
speech of these letters
These fragmented
letters were mentioned at the opening of some surahs to indicate that this
Qur’an, with which God challenged the polytheists, is of the kind of compound
speech from these letters that they know, and they are able to compose words
from it, and if they are unable to come up with a surah like it because of his
attainment of eloquence and wisdom, their eloquence and eloquences stand below
it in vast stages.
ِA look around the noble verse
That life turned
overnight into a set of abbreviations, and you find the names of international
organizations, banks, or giant companies transformed into several symbols and
slogans, And when you read these symbols or these letters, you immediately
remember the name of the organization/company/bank...etc., and here it may be
an abbreviation of what came in the noble Surah, or as he says, the Messenger
of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: (It is said to the owner
of the Qur’an: Read and ascend and recite as you used to recite in this world,
for your abode is at the last verse you recite.
ذَٰلِكَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبُ لَا رَيۡبَۛ فِيهِۛ هُدٗى لِّلۡمُتَّقِينَ
(2)
This is the Book,
there is no doubt about it, a guidance for the pious(2)
And his saying “that
book” means this great book which is the book on the truth, which includes what
the books of the predecessors did not include, of great knowledge and clear
truth
He is
"doubtless"
There is
no doubt in any way, as this book includes certainty that removes doubt
This is a useful rule,
that negation is meant to be praise
It must contain its
opposite, which is perfection, because negation is non-existence, and pure
non-existence is not praiseworthy.
When it included
certainty, and guidance could not be obtained except with certainty, he said:
“A guidance for the righteous.” And the guidance: what guidance is obtained
from misguidance and likeness: And what guides you to the beneficial paths.
And he said in another
place, “a guidance for the people,” so it was generalized.
And in this place and
others, “a guidance for the righteous,” because in itself it is a guidance for
all people.
The naughty ones did
not raise his head.
And they did not
accept God's guidance, so the argument was established against them, and they
did not benefit from it because of their misery
As for the
God-fearing, those who came with the biggest reason for guidance, which is
piety whose reality is: taking what protects God’s wrath and chastisement by
complying with His commands and avoiding His prohibitions, so be guided by it
and benefit from it.
The Almighty said, “O
you who have believed, if you fear God, He will make for you a criterion.”
The righteous are
Beneficiaries
of the Quranic verses, and the cosmic verses.
And because guidance
is of two types: the guidance of statement, the guidance of conciliation.
For the righteous,
they received the two gifts, and others did not receive the guidance of
success.
And the guidance of
the statement without reconciliation to act upon, is not a true and complete
guidance.
On the authority of
Ibn Masoud
On the
authority of some of the companions of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant
him peace: “There is no doubt about him.
On the authority of
Ibn Masoud, and on the authority of some of the companions of the Prophet, may
God’s prayers and peace be upon him: “A guidance for the righteous.”
He said:
They are the believers.
Abu Bakr bin Ayash
told us, he said: Al-A’mash asked me about the “pious”, he said: I answered
him, and he told me, Al-Kalbi asked about it. So I asked him, and he said:
Those who avoid major sins. He said: So I went back to Al-A’mash, and he said:
We see that it is like that. And he did not deny it.
On the authority of
Ibn Abbas
“For the
righteous.” He said: The believers who fear polytheism in Me and act in
obedience to Me
ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱلۡغَيۡبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ
وَمِمَّا رَزَقۡنَٰهُمۡ يُنفِقُونَ (3)
Those who believe in
the unseen and establish prayer and spend out of what We have given them (3)
The title of a
servant's happiness is his devotion to the deity, and his striving to benefit
creation, just as the title of a servant's misery is the lack of these two
things on his part, so there is neither sincerity nor benevolence.
The truth of faith
It is the
complete belief in what the Messengers told you, which includes the docility of
the limbs, and the matter is not in believing in the things witnessed by the
senses, because it does not distinguish a Muslim from an infidel, because it is
a mere ratification of God and His messengers. Then he said, “And of what We
have provided them, they spend.”
What are the
obligatory expenditures, such as zakat, and spending on wives, relatives,
Mamluks, and so on.
And desirable
expenditures in all ways of goodness.
He did not mention the
one who spends on them, due to the abundance of his reasons and the diversity
of his family, and because the alimony, as it is, is an act of nearness to God
to alert them, that only a small part of their money was returned from them,
neither harmful to them nor burdensome, rather they benefited by spending it,
and their brothers benefited from it.
And in his saying, “We
provided them,” a reference to
This money
that is in your hands is not acquired by your strength and possession, but
rather it is the provision of God, who authorized you and bestowed upon you,
Just as He has blessed you and favored you over many of His servants, so thank
Him by taking out some of what He has bestowed upon you, and console your
destitute brothers, The Almighty often combines prayer and zakat in the Qur’an,
because prayer includes devotion to the deity, and zakat and spending,
including charity for His servants.
وَٱلَّذِينَ
يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ مِن قَبۡلِكَ وَبِٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ
هُمۡ يُوقِنُونَ (4)
And those who believe
in what was revealed to you and what was sent down before you, and in the
Hereafter they are certain (4)
with what was revealed
to you
It is the Qur'an and
the Sunnah
The Almighty said:
“And God sent down the Book and wisdom to you.”
So the righteous
believe in all that the Messenger brought, and do not differentiate between
some of what was revealed to him, so they believe in some of it, and do not
believe in some of it, either by denying it or interpreting it, other than what
God and His Messenger intended, as is done by those who do it from the
innovators, who interpret the texts that indicate contrary to their saying. As
a result of disbelief in its meaning, and if they believed in its wording, they
did not truly believe in it.
His saying “and what
was revealed before you” includes belief in all previous books.
Faith in books
includes faith in the messengers and what they contained, especially the Torah,
the Gospel and the Psalms.
This is the
characteristic of the believers, they believe in all the heavenly books, and in
all the messengers, so they do not differentiate between any of them, then he
said, “And of the Hereafter they shall have certainty,” and “The Hereafter, a
name for what happens after death. He singled it out for mentioning it after
the generality, because belief in the Last Day is one of the pillars of faith
and because it is the greatest source of desire, awe and action.
and
"certainty"
It is complete
knowledge, in which there is no doubt, and the obligation to act.
On the authority of
Ibn Masoud, and on the authority of some of the companions of the Messenger of
God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, “Those who believe in what was
revealed to you and what was revealed before you and are certain of the Hereafter”:
These believers are among the People of the Book (83)
أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ عَلَىٰ هُدٗى مِّن رَّبِّهِمۡۖ
وَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُفۡلِحُونَ (5)
Those are on guidance
from their Lord, and it is they who are the successful (5)
Those, that is, those
who are described with these praiseworthy attributes, are on guidance from
their Lord, that is, on great guidance, because the denial of glorification,
and what guidance is greater than those aforementioned qualities that include
the correct faith and straight actions?!! delusion.
And he came up with
“Ali” in this place
Indicating
arrogance, and in misguidance, he comes with “in” as in his saying, “And I or
you are on guidance or in clear error,” because the one who is guided is used
by guidance, exalted by it, and the one who is delusional is despised.
Then he said, “And it
is they who are the successful.”
The success is the attainment of what is sought and deliverance from the feared, confining the success to them, because there is no way to success except by following their path, and other than that path,they are the paths of misery, destruction and loss, which lead to God
